what is L-ergothioneine?

1. Understanding L-Ergothioneine: Origins, Structure, and Biological Role

 

Discovery and Natural Sources

L-Ergothioneine was first discovered in 1909 in ergot fungus, hence its name. It is synthesized by select microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, and is subsequently accumulated in organisms higher up the food chain. Humans cannot produce ergothioneine endogenously, making dietary intake essential.

Primary dietary sources include:

  • Mushrooms (especially porcini, shiitake, oyster, and king oyster).

  • Grains like oats and barley.

  • Meat and dairy products from animals that consume ergothioneine-rich feed.

  • Legumes such as black beans and kidney beans.

Chemical Structure and Absorption

Ergothioneine’s structure includes a thiol group, which gives it potent antioxidant properties. Unlike other antioxidants, it has a dedicated transporter, the ergothioneine transporter (ETT), encoded by the SLC22A4 gene. This transporter allows efficient uptake and retention of ergothioneine in tissues exposed to high oxidative stress, such as the liver, kidneys, and eyes.

Biological Significance

Ergothioneine plays a critical role in mitigating oxidative damage, a process linked to aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and chronic inflammation. Its ability to accumulate in mitochondria—the powerhouse of cells—suggests a specialized role in protecting cellular energy systems.

 

2. Health Benefits of L-Ergothioneine: From Antioxidant Power to Disease Prevention

 

Potent Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Oxidative stress occurs when free radicals overwhelm the body’s antioxidant defenses. Ergothioneine neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reducing cellular damage. Studies highlight its superiority to glutathione in certain contexts due to its stability and targeted transport.

  • Skin Health: Ergothioneine protects skin cells from UV radiation and pollution, slowing collagen degradation and reducing wrinkles.

  • Eye Health: It accumulates in the lens and retina, potentially lowering the risk of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

 

Neuroprotective Properties

Research links ergothioneine to brain health. It crosses the blood-brain barrier and may protect neurons from oxidative damage. Low levels of ergothioneine have been observed in individuals with Parkinson’s disease and dementia, suggesting a protective role.

 

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Support

  • Heart Health: Ergothioneine reduces endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in blood vessels, lowering the risk of atherosclerosis.

  • Diabetes Management: Animal studies show it improves insulin sensitivity and reduces complications like diabetic retinopathy.

 

Anti-Aging and Longevity

By protecting DNA and mitochondria from oxidative damage, ergothioneine may slow aging processes. Populations with higher dietary intake, such as in Japan, exhibit lower rates of age-related diseases.

 

Immune System Modulation

Ergothioneine regulates inflammatory cytokines and enhances the function of immune cells, offering potential benefits for autoimmune conditions and infections.

 

3. Safety, Dosage, and Future Research: What You Need to Know

 

Is Ergothioneine Powder Safe?

Ergothioneine powder is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA and approved by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Human trials report no adverse effects at doses up to 30 mg/day. However, long-term effects of high-dose supplementation require further study.

Recommended Intake and Supplementation

There is no official recommended daily allowance (RDA), but studies suggest 3–5 mg/day from dietary sources. Supplements typically provide 5–30 mg/day. Mushroom extracts and synthetic ergothioneine capsules are popular options.

Dietary Strategies to Boost Intake

  • Add 1–2 servings of mushrooms daily (e.g., stir-fries, soups).

  • Choose oat-based or barley-rich meals.

  • Consider supplementation after consulting a healthcare provider.

Future Research Directions

  • Clinical Trials: Ongoing studies are evaluating ergothioneine’s efficacy in treating Parkinson’s, COPD, and COVID-19-related inflammation.

  • Synthetic Production: Advances in fermentation technology aim to make ergothioneine more accessible.

  • Biomarker Potential: Blood levels of ergothioneine may serve as a marker for overall health and disease risk.

Where Can I Buy Ergothioneine Powder?

If you would like to purchase ergothionein powder, please contact sost biotech for a complete supply of ergothionein powder in different grades for food use.

Contact them for product details.

Ergothioneine Powder

Conclusion

L-Ergothioneine is a unique antioxidant with promising applications in preventing and managing chronic diseases. While mushrooms remain the best dietary source, supplementation offers a practical alternative. As research unfolds, ergothioneine could become a cornerstone of preventive healthcare, bridging nutrition and longevity.

 

 

References

  1. Halliwell, B., et al. (2018). "Ergothioneine, a Diet-Derived Antioxidant with Therapeutic Potential." FEBS Letters.

  2. Beelman, R. B., et al. (2020). "The Role of Mushrooms in Mitigating Oxidative Stress." Journal of Nutrition.

  3. Cheah, I. K., & Halliwell, B. (2021). "Ergothioneine: A Potential Vitamin for Longevity?" Antioxidants & Redox Signaling.

  4. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2017). "Safety of Synthetic L-Ergothioneine as a Novel Food." EFSA Journal.

  5. Smith, E., et al. (2020). "Ergothioneine and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review." Molecular Nutrition & Food Research.

  6. Kalaras, M. D., et al. (2017). "Mushrooms as a Source of Dietary Ergothioneine." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.